The Civil War, 1861-1865, divided the United States with bitter differences between pro-slavery states of the South (Confederacy) and anti-slavery states of the North (Union). This war, in many cases, had divisions within family lines; examples: Senator Crittendon of Kentucky had two sons who became major generals (one for each side), Missouri sent 39 regiments to fight at Vicksburg (17 for the South and 22 for the North). About 4 million men fought in the war, over 620,000 died. In Dec. 1860, South Carolina seceded from the United States, followed later by others, to form the Confederate States. Fort Sumter (a Union fort near Charleston, SC) was fired upon by Confederate forces in April, 1861, and The War Between The States began, not to end until Lee's surrender at Appomattox, VA, April, 1865.

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